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Disabling Active Directory Users with PowerShell (Generalized)

 

A guide to efficiently disabling user accounts in specific Organizational Units (OUs) using PowerShell.

Introduction

This document provides a step-by-step guide on how to disable Active Directory (AD) user accounts located within specific Organizational Units (OUs) using PowerShell. This method is non-destructive, meaning the accounts are disabled and not deleted, allowing for easy re-enablement if needed.

We will focus on disabling all users within a 'YourTopLevelOU' and a 'YourNestedOU', assuming 'YourNestedOU' is nested under 'YourParentOU' and 'YourTopLevelOU' is a top-level OU directly under your domain (e.g., 'contoso.com').

{{info}} Prerequisites: Ensure you are running PowerShell with administrative privileges on a Domain Controller or a machine with the Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) for Active Directory installed. {{/info}}

1. Understanding Distinguished Names (DNs)

To target specific OUs, you need their precise Distinguished Name (DN). The DN is a unique identifier that specifies the exact location of an object within the Active Directory hierarchy.

  • Your Domain: yourdomain.com (e.g., contoso.com) (translates to DC=yourdomain,DC=com or DC=contoso,DC=com)

  • YourTopLevelOU: This OU is directly under your domain. DN: OU=YourTopLevelOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com

  • YourParentOU: This OU is also directly under your domain. DN: OU=YourParentOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com

  • YourNestedOU: This OU is nested inside the 'YourParentOU'. DN: OU=YourNestedOU,OU=YourParentOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com

 Tip: Verifying DNs: To get the exact DN for any object in Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC), enable "Advanced Features" under the "View" menu. Then, right-click the object, go to "Properties," click the "Attribute Editor" tab, and find the distinguishedName attribute. Copy its value directly. 

2. The PowerShell Cmdlet: Disable-ADAccount

The primary PowerShell cmdlet used for this operation is Disable-ADAccount. We will combine this with Get-ADUser to retrieve the target users.

  • Get-ADUser -Filter *: Retrieves all user objects.

  • -SearchBase "Your_OU_DN": Specifies the starting point for the search.

  • -SearchScope Subtree: Crucially, this ensures that not only users directly in the specified OU are found, but also users in any sub-OUs or containers beneath it.

  • | Disable-ADAccount: The pipeline operator sends the retrieved user objects to the Disable-ADAccount cmdlet, which performs the disabling action.

3. Disabling Users in 'YourTopLevelOU'

To disable all user accounts within 'YourTopLevelOU' Organizational Unit, including any users in its sub-OUs, use the following command. Remember to replace YourTopLevelOU, yourdomain, and com with your actual OU and domain names.

PowerShell Command:

Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "OU=YourTopLevelOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com" -SearchScope Subtree | Disable-ADAccount

 Important: This command will disable ALL user accounts found within the specified OU and any OUs nested inside it. Confirm your SearchBase is correct before execution. 

4. Disabling Users in 'YourNestedOU'

To disable all user accounts within 'YourNestedOU' Organizational Unit, including any users in its sub-OUs (assuming 'YourNestedOU' is nested under 'YourParentOU'), use this command. Remember to replace YourNestedOU, YourParentOU, yourdomain, and com with your actual OU and domain names.

PowerShell Command:

Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "OU=YourNestedOU,OU=YourParentOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com" -SearchScope Subtree | Disable-ADAccount

 Important: This command will disable ALL user accounts found within the specified OU and any OUs nested inside it. Double-check the SearchBase for accuracy. 

5. Verification (Optional but Recommended)

Before running the Disable-ADAccount part, you can test the Get-ADUser portion to see which users will be affected. Remove the | Disable-ADAccount part to just list the users:

PowerShell Command:

Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "OU=YourTopLevelOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com" -SearchScope Subtree | Select-Object Name, DistinguishedName, Enabled
Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "OU=YourNestedOU,OU=YourParentOU,DC=yourdomain,DC=com" -SearchScope Subtree | Select-Object Name, DistinguishedName, Enabled

After running the Disable-ADAccount commands, you can run the verification commands again to confirm that the Enabled status for the affected users has changed to False.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you can efficiently disable user accounts in specific Active Directory Organizational Units using PowerShell. This approach provides a quick and non-destructive way to manage user access.

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